And they started home … I haven’t been at all.
80 years ago, three generations of families trapped in the wartime imprisonment camp like the Japanese and men, men, women, children, and Manzana were allowed to start confinement. 。
After the Japanese Empire attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the fear became an overdrive. I feel that the West Coast is too exposed, and it is assumed that native, naturalized, or immigrants, which are the population of Japan, are supposed to automatically prioritize Japan to loyalty. I spy and committed. Sorry, it’s safer than you are, right? Therefore, by the Presidential Order 9066, President Franklin Roosevelt allowed and relocated to inland camps.
In this photo provided by the National Archives, Japanese Americans, including members of the United States Corps and boy scouts, participate in the Memorial Day Service of the Manzana Location Center, a detained camp in Manzana, California, on May 31, 1942. 。
(War relocation station via Francis Leroy Stewart / AP)
Throughout 1941, until 1942, they were wiped out by power from home, farms and work, most of which were first sent to the Assembler Center, such as the Pomona Fairground and Santa Anita Racecourse. camp. As a whole, about 120,000 was placed behind the barbed wire. Most of them lived on the West Coast, and two -thirds were US citizens.
Who was just enough to raise and relocate “Japanese”? On the paper, anyone who was Japanese on the 1/16 days, if one of your 16 Great grandparents was Japanese, you were so. It was another repetition of the American racist “Wondlop” rules, and one drop of black blood turned you black. This is a rule that forcibly forced black Americans to racial division and racist power for hundreds of years.
When they were wiped out from their towns, neighbors, homes, and workplaces a few weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans had to abandon what they could not carry in a suitcase. There are few toiletries, cooking utensils, or others.
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House, car, shop and company, agricultural and fisheries, and of course land -it had to be left behind.
It was a mixed OTIC, sad, and often seeing it. Unusual people were lucky to have friends other than Japan, who took care of their property for them, but in most cases, rounding is grasped all free opportunities for others. did. The product was auctioned in a part of the value, and the owner took the best offer only to achieve cash. And sometimes, neighbors other than Japan just entered and took what they wanted -and what did the Japanese intend to do it?
Later, Bradford Smith, who led the Central Pacific Department of the War Information Bureau, was called “one of the greatest fraud in the noisy history of the United States,” and from those who have the most pressure to evacuate. It suggested that it had begun. after that.
In the terminal Island, where Japan and Japanese Americans settled on Fish Harbor for several decades, the residents have been working for 48 hours. They had no leverage and negotiating power, and as Congress heard in 1942, they took a low -ball offer: 300. It is reported that the dollar piano and hundreds of dollars of electrical appliances were $ 25, and were deprived of the Canaly in the port, according to the fishing utensils. Even people’s pets were acquired or performed.
The historic nichelene Buddhist temple on the East Fast Street near the Los Angeles downtown river, initially served as a warehouse for parish people, but in June 1943, police and government officials were. Appeared and found in the place. It’s confusing and nothing. Women were hired to take care of all the power of the power of the power of attorney through their property -their neighbors said together with a large number of truck products. What was left was that some boxes and trunks opened and broken, and the slight content was scattered.
One year after the end of the war, the war relocation agency, which established and implemented a camp, made an apology on page 112. According to an apology, being responsible for protecting the property of the evacuees is that they have a great opportunity for scammers and trickstars who have a group of aggressive people. Almost 40 years, the Congress Committee calculated property loss by $ 1.3 billion in 1983, and had a net income loss of $ 2.7 billion.
As a result, they not only confiscated their property 80 years ago, but were also exposed to some of the same abuse that they experienced when they were taken away. Secretary -General Harold Ix was a man who sometimes separated his own administration’s policy, which would not be harassed to call it a “forced camp.”
In California, four months after the detainee began to leave the camp, the war relocation report reported 20 cases of intimidation or violence.
In the countryside of California, at least 15 fire attacks against Japanese Americans, dynamit attempts, three arson cases, and five “threatening terrorism” have been “planned terrarism.” Ikes said that some of the “blood hungry … racial feeders” hoped to scare deticials who returned from the “economic beach head” they were trying to rebuild. I believed.
The evacuees will move to the forced camp in Manzanal on June 19, 1942.
(AP communication)
In some quarters, returning from the camps that opposed them began before the war approached. In June 1943, the US Corps Los Angeles Women’s assistant began petition to prevent the Japanese from living on the Pacific coast again, and even American citizens claimed to “continue to obstruct or provide other assistance.” Masu. enemy. “”
Approximately 5,000 evacuated Southern Californians found some kind of house in two dedicated trailer camps in Barbank and Sunburay. The Sun Valley Camp lasted a long time, operated as a community of about 100 trailers until 1956, and shared the community bathroom and kitchen. The government sold or rented them from $ 65 to $ 110 a month. Residents were rarely far from the camp, except for group protection.
The inhabitants called them “camping”, as they left. When the government officials began to check in, they continued to modify them: “This is not a camp. It is a trailer court,” said the authorities. Tomio Muranaga, a boy after the imprisonment, said on the 1986 Times, “… I want them to forget the places like Manzana and Heart Mountain,” said California and Wyoming.
The house that started 80 years ago did not happen to me. Calvin Knight, Angeleno and the 4th generation Japanese American, turned me over to the anniversary. He himself did not know much about imprisoning until President Reagan signed a historical law on compensation in 1988 until he studied at Harvard Ken Discool.
The road to the relief was long and I tried it. The earliest person started under the Evacuation Repayment Law around 1948.
Near the Fresno, the Koda family owned 5,000 acras and was a major rice artist who leased 4,000 in December 1941.
Their claims to the federal government took about 15 years, and when the reconciliation check arrived by 1965, Elder Kodas died. One of his sons, Ed Koda, calculated that $ 362,500 provided by the government represented about 15 cents under a claim of $ 2.4 million. The fourth generation Kodas is still farming rice in Yoro County today.
The Molly family has been doing business in California for four generations. In 1907, Joshua Molly’s immigrant Great grandfather started an import / export business in Little Tokio, and his family lived in a southern Los Angeles house near the manual arts high school.
ASIA Co. was an import and export business operated in Los Angeles. It started before the Molly family members received the internship.
(Joshua Molly)
Thousands of their stories were repeated. After the Pearl Harbor attack, the family left the two suitcases, as the business and the house remained.
Molly’s Great grandfather, who came here in 1892, was sent to a detention camp in the tuna gorge, where the Fed was regarded as a risk of security. Molly is reading the FBI report and believes that his GREAT grandfather is sent there, but the rest of his family went to a low security camp. “Asia was one of our community plane businesses. I think he was one of the spies because he did many businesses with Japan.”
On June 14, 1942, the advertisement of Los Angelel Sthams promotes equipment and product auctions sold by Asia after the Molly family was sent to the camp during World War II.
(Los Angelel Staims)
“We owned the land of Little Tokyo, the first street where we had a business. We lost real estate, lost business, did nothing.”
The resumption of the import export project with Japan was out of the question in the postwar United States, but paradoxically, Molly’s grandfather is hired by the US military to manage the movement with his expertise in Asian distribution systems. The goods there were sent to Germany after the war.
Returning to the United States, the family found a new niche with insurance. “After World War II, the insurance company does not have insurance for Japanese or its property. It is an example of how we were treated after the war,” said Molly.
Molly insurance companies are still guaranteeing Japanese communities in California and Hawaii.
His family moved to the Bay Area when Molly was three years old. In the 1980s, Normineta, the survivor of the Heart Mountain imprisonment camp, settled on the work as a member of the Congress. Morris acquired Mineta’s insurance business. “I grew up with Uncle Norm. He told the people that he changed my diaper, and I said, Uncle Norm -I was 3 years old!”
You may know the name, Norm Mineta. The international airport in San Jose was named after him. He is also a Linchpin that used to compensate the former Japanese Americans. A bit reluctant, Molly’s father talked to his son and said, “Your uncle’s norms are trying to push what happened.”
Matsumura Lori will visit the graveyard in 2020 on a historical site of Manzana, near Independence, California.
(Brian Melley / AP Communication)
Mineta and other Japanese American members negotiated and legislated for many years to “correct what happened.”
One of the Minneta colleagues was Daniel Inoue, a member of the Senator Hawaii. (Innoue’s arm was shot down because he tried to throw a hand REN bullet into a German machine gun nest. Inoue uses his left hand to twist his hand REN from his right hand, and the hand REN bullets are made in a German bunker. I threw it).
To put it simply, the problem is that the Koda family paid about 15 cents for the dollar for the first postwar compensation program, and when a survey established in Congress received testimony and made a rescue recommendation for rescue. I went forward because I paid about 15 cents. Finally, in 1988, Reagan signed the 1988 civil rights law. This was an apology for detention, and the cash correction was $ 20,000, a living Japanese American citizen or imprisoned, giving a number of about 80,000.
The class of life that has returned from the camp is now thin, and eventually, of course, no one. Joshua Molly knows their story only, but now, “It became my mission in my life and became an American Japanese American story.”
“Our story is important not only for our community, but also for the United States. The story of many communities is very different, but this common thread is American, which is good or bad. I can’t forget the struggle and success.
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Los Angeles is a complicated place. In this weekly feature, Pat Morrison explains how it works, its history and its culture.
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